SLEEP WELL

Drop Caffeine (at Least Initially)

First, if you drink coffee, tea (including green tea and white tea), yerba mate, cola, or any caffeinated beverages on a semi-regular basis, this method won't work very well at all, so I strongly recommend that you get off all caffeine for at least 2 weeks before you attempt to make improvements in this area. I also advise that you drop chocolate during this time as well, including cocoa and cacao, since those contain stimulants too.

Even a small cup of coffee in the morning can disrupt your ability to fall asleep quickly at night. You may also sleep less restfully, and you'll be prone to awaken more often throughout the night. Consequently, you may wake up tired and need extra sleep.

Simply eliminating all caffeine from your diet can improve your sleep habits tremendously. 

The Process

The process involves using short, timed naps to train your brain to fall asleep more quickly. Here's how it works:

If and when you feel drowsy at some point during the day, give yourself permission to take a 20-minute nap. 

But only allow yourself exactly 20 minutes total. Use a timer to set an alarm."Set a timer for 20 minutes" or "Wake me up in 20 minutes." The first one sets a countdown timer, while the later phrase sets an alarm to go off at a specific time. Sometimes I prefer to use a kitchen timer with a 20-minute countdown.

Begin the timer as soon as you lie down for your nap. Whether you sleep or not, and regardless of how long it takes you to fall asleep, you have 20 minutes total for this activity… not a minute more.

Simply relax and allow yourself to fall asleep as you normally would. You don't have to do anything special here, so don't try to force it. If you fall asleep, great. If you just lie there awake for 20 minutes, also great. And if you sleep for some fraction of the time, that's perfectly okay too.

At the end of the 20 minutes, you must get up immediately. No lingering. This part is crucial. If you're tempted to continue napping after the alarm goes off, then put the alarm across the room so you have to get up to turn it off. Or have someone else forcibly yank you off the couch or bed when they hear the alarm. But no matter what, get up immediately. The nap is over. If you're still tired, you can take another nap later — wait at least an hour — but don't let yourself go back to sleep right away.

I think it's best to do your nap practice during the day if you can, but you can also do it in the evening, as long as it's at least an hour before your normal bedtime. Perhaps the best time for an evening nap is right after dinner, when many people feel a little sleepy.

You don't have to take the naps every day, but do them at least a few times a week if you can. I think the ideal practice would be one nap per day.

The next part of this process is to always wake up with an alarm in the morning. Set your alarm for a fixed time every day, seven days a week. When your alarm goes off each morning, get up immediately regardless of how much sleep you actually got. Again, no lingering.

Now when you go to bed at night, seek to go to bed at a time that will essentially require you to be sleeping the whole time you're in bed in order to feel well rested in the morning. So if you feel you need a good 7 hours of sleep each night to feel rested, and you plan to get up at 5am every morning, then get yourself into bed and ready to sleep at about 10pm. If you take 30 minutes to fall asleep, then you're getting less sleep than you need, and this is a disincentive to continuing that wasteful habit.

The message you're sending to your brain is that the time you have to sleep is limited. You are going to get out of bed after a certain number of hours no matter what. You're going to get up from your nap after a specific amount of time no matter what. So if your brain wants to sleep, it had better learn to go to sleep quickly and use the maximum time allotted for sleep. If it wastes time falling asleep, then it misses out on that extra sleep, and it will not have the opportunity to make it up by sleeping in later. Sleep time squandered is sleep time lost.

When you go to bed whenever and allow yourself to get up whenever, you reward your brain for continued laziness and inefficiency. It's fine if you take a half hour to fall asleep since your brain knows it can just sleep in later. If you awaken with an alarm but go to bed earlier than necessary to compensate for the time it takes you to fall asleep, your still tell your brain that it's fine to waste time transitioning to sleep because there's still enough extra time to get the rest it needs.

Coffee and chocolate are also crutches because if you don't get enough sleep, your brain can come to rely on a stimulant to keep it going when necessary. If you remove these outs, then your brain will soon connect the dots. It will learn that taking too long to fall asleep equals not getting enough sleep, which means going through the day tired and sleepy. By closing the door on potential outs like stimulants and extra snooze time, you leave only one remaining option for a solution. Sooner or later your brain will determine that going to sleep faster is indeed the solution, and it will adapt by transitioning into sleep much more quickly, so as to secure the full amount of rest it desires.

Instead of continuing to give your brain the message that oversleeping is okay or that stimulants are available, begin to condition it to understand that sleep time is a limited resource. Your brain is naturally good at optimizing scarce physiological resources; it evolved to do so over a long period of time. So if sleep time appears to be a limited resource, your brain can learn to optimize its use of this resource just as it has learned to optimize the use of oxygen and sugar.

If you get sleepy during the day as a result of limiting your sleep time at night, that's perfectly okay. Take naps as needed. It's okay to take multiple naps during the day if you need to, but keep them limited to 20 minutes max, and don't have two naps within an hour of each other. Whenever you get up, stay up for at least an hour.

Once you get used to 20-minute naps — or if you don't have that much time available for napping — try napping for shorter intervals. Give yourself 15, 10, or even 5 minutes for each nap. I sometimes take 3-4 minute naps (with a timer), which are surprisingly refreshing, but only if I fall asleep quickly.

Teach your brain that a 20-minute nap means 20 minutes of total time lying down. If your brain wants to ruminate during part of that time, it always means less sleep.

Also teach your brain that X number of hours in bed at night is all it gets, and so if it wants to get enough sleep, it had better spend virtually all of that time sleeping. If it spends time on non-sleep activity, it always robs itself of some sleep.

Once you've adapted and you're able to fall asleep quickly when you desire to do so, you can slack off on the training process, ditch the alarm, and wake up whenever you want. Most likely the training will stick. You can even add the caffeine back if you so desire. But for a period of at least a couple months to start, I recommend being strict about it. Take naps regularly, and use an alarm to get up at a consistent time every single day.

I still prefer to get up with an alarm most days. I don't need it to fall asleep quickly, but I tend to linger in bed more than necessary without the alarm. If this is too strict for you, I doubt you'll succeed with this approach. If you give your brain an easy out, it will take that out, and it won't learn the adaptation you're trying to teach it here.

Everyone is different, so how long it takes you to adapt depends on your particular brain. I'm sure some people will adapt fairly quickly, within a few weeks, while others may take significantly longer. There are many factors that can influence the results, with perhaps the biggest one being your diet. 

In general, a lighter, healthier, and more natural diet will make it significantly easier to adapt to any sort of sleep changes. Regular exercise also makes it easier to adapt to sleep changes; cardio exercise in particular helps to rebalance hormones and neurotransmitters, many of which are involved in regulating sleep cycles.

 If you eat a heavily processed diet (i.e. shopping mostly outside the produce section) and you don't exercise much, just be aware that I rarely see such people succeed with worthwhile sleep changes of any kind.